William Foley - Papers

Here I list and link to:

peer-reviewed publications
working papers (= a paper that is under review and/or has been uploaded to a preprint repository)
work in progress (= work in the earlier stages of development).

Peer-reviewed publications

Arnout van de Rijt, Fabrizio Bernardi, Lucas Sage, William Foley. (Forthcoming). "Luck, predictability and the life course." Annual Review of Sociology.

Jonas Radl, William Foley, Lea Kröger, Patricia Lorente, Alberto Palacios-Abad, Heike Solga, Jan Stuhler, Madeline Swarr. (Forthcoming). "The Social Origins of Effort: How Incentives Reduce Socioeconomic Disparities among Children". American Sociological Review

Hyang-Gi Song, William Foley, Arnout van de Rijt, Klarita Gërxhani. 2025. “Choice homophily on social origin and race: Experimental evidence from a US university.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility.

(Replication package available here)

William Foley, Lea Kröger, Jonas Radl. 2025. "Parental support and diversity in sibling personality." Advances in Life Course Research.

William Foley, Jonas Radl. 2024. "Parenting practices and children’s cognitive effort: A laboratory study ." The Journal of Early Adolescence. 45(2).

William Foley. 2024. “Can cognitive dissonance explain beliefs regarding meritocracy? ” Social Science Research. 119

(Pre-analysis plan and replication package available here. Code for experimental applications: Proposer component, Receiver component)

William Foley. 2023. "Status beliefs negatively affect expected university attainment of lower class students." Education Inquiry.

(Replication package available here. )

William Foley, Klarita Gërxhani. 2022. “Hands-off? Laissez-faire policies on Covid-19 may exacerbate health inequalities.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 42(3/4): 210-221.

Working papers

William Foley, Klarita Gërxhani and Arnout van de Rijt. “Disentangling informational and ingrained discrimination”.

(Pre-registration, pre-analysis plan, replication package and experimental code available here).

Klarita Gërxhani , Eva Zschirnt, Stephanie Steinmetz, William Foley. “Hiring discrimination: the influence of referrer versus applicant gender on employer decisions.”

(Pre-analysis plan and replication package available here. Code for experimental application here.)

William Foley, Jonas Radl. "College material? whether children’s effort or ability drives parents’ educational expectations depends on socioeconomic background."

(Working paper here)

Fabrizio Bernardi, William Foley. "Inequality equilibria."

William Foley, Jonas Radl. "A model of indirect crowding."

(Working paper here)

Francesca Baroncelli, Jonas Radl, Jan Stuhler, Patricia Lorente, William Foley. "Time's on her side: exam preparation and gendered exam performance."

Work in progress

Arnout van de Rijt, Lucas Sage, William Foley. "Improving self-prediction".

William Foley. "And the Lord added to their number: comparing the spread of Christianity to three other ancient religons."